What is morphology

                            Morphology

Morphology is a part of linguistics that discusses the ins and outs of word forms and the influence of word shape changes on word groups and meanings; or: Morphology studies the ins and outs of katas and the functions of changes in the form of words, both grammatical and semantic functions (Ramlan, 1983  : 16-17)

 Morphology or morphemic is a study of morpheme.  Basically and the most useful for us here, morphology can be divided into two types of analysis, namely:

1.  Synchronous Morphology 
2. Diachronik Morphology

 Synchronous Morphology examines morphemes in a certain time range, both past and present.  synchronous morphology has nothing to do or does not pay attention to the history or origin of words in languages.Diachronic Morphology examines the history or origin of words, and questions why such as the use of words in the past. In brief, what has been made about synchronous morphology is:

 a.  lexical morpheme and syntactic morpheme

 b.  free morpheme and bound morpheme

 c.  basic morpheme and added morpheme

 And what arises from diachronic morphology is:
    A. Various etymological processes, which include:

 a.  analogy

 b.  advance

 c.  reduplication

 d.  derivation

 e.  formation receded

 f.  creation-basics

 g.  abbreviations
    B. Different directions of etymological c      hange, which include:

 a.  deteriosasi

 b.  elevation

 c.  specialization

 d.  concretisation

 e.  extension

 f.  metaphorization

 g. radiasi

B. Morphemes and words

 many experts have suggested morpheme and word boundaries.  one of them said that morpheme is an element that is individually felt to contain an understanding in the utterance of a language.


 So that the notions of morph and allomorph become clearer, let us take examples in Indonesian;  or in other words we implement it in Indonesian

   C. The introduction of Morfem
  Prof Ramlan has put forward six principles of the introduction of morph

1. Units which have the same phonological structure and grammatical meaning are morphemes.
2. Units which have different phonological structures are morphemes if they have the same lexical or grammatical meaning, as long as the difference can be explained phonologicall
3. Units which have different phonological structures, even though the difference cannot be explained phonologically, can still be considered as a morpheme if they have the same lexical or grammatical meaning, and have a complementary distribution.
4. If in a series of structures, a unit is parallel to a vacancy, then that vacancy is morpheme, which is called zero morphene
5. units which have the same phonological structure may be a morpheme ,.  might also be a different morphem
6. Each unit that can be separated is morpheme.

      D. Referensi

 Henry Guntur Tarigan, Pengajaran morphology,( Bandung : Angkasa anggota IKAPI, 1995)hal 4-12

Abdul chaer, Linguistik umum, ( jakarta: reinaka cipta,2007), hal147